L.G, a New Zealand national, was employed as an English teacher in the Republic of Korea. She held an E-2 working visa for “native speaker conversation instructors.” Korea required all persons holding an E-2 working visa to undergo testing for HIV/AIDS and illegal drugs at a government hospital before they could register as alien residents …Read more

Section 66 of the Syariah Criminal Enactment of 1992 made it an offence for Muslim males to wear women’s attire or to pose as a woman in a public place. Conviction resulted in a fine or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both. The Appellants were Muslim men with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) who expressed …Read more

A Brazilian national, S.C., worked as a teller at a state-run bank. S.C. was involved in three motorcycle accidents, in 2006, 2007, and 2009. She underwent surgery in 2008 after the second accident. She took medical leave in 2009. Under the bank’s internal policy, she was required to return from medical leave within three months …Read more

Three applicants, who were all current or former prostitutes, challenged the constitutionality of three provisions of the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985. The three provisions outlawed “bawdy-houses” (also referred to as brothels), “living on the avails” (living off of a prostitutes profits), and public communication with prostitutes. Prostitution was legal in Canada, however, Parliament was allowed …Read more

Mr. Y, Petitioner No.1, was a person belonging to the backward class. He held a valid driving license and was asked to apply for an interview to the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation, Respondent, for the post of a driver. He was asked to submit his medical fitness certificate and certificate relating to eyesight to …Read more

Mr Mankayi brought an action for delictual (tort) damages against AngloGold Ashanti Limited (AngloGold). While working as an underground mineworker between January 1979 and September 1995, Mr Mankayi claimed to have been exposed to harmful dusts and gases that led to his contracting tuberculosis and a chronic obstructive airway condition; these ailments rendered him unable …Read more

On April 3, 2010, the Indonesian Government filed the Budget Amendment Bill of 2010 in Parliament. On May 3, 2010, a Plenary Session of the House of Representatives passed an amendment to the National Budget entitled Law No. 2 of 2010 Concerning the Amendment to Law No. 47 of 2009 Regarding the National Budget for …Read more

Exercising its obligatory preliminary control powers, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus considered the constitutionality of the Law of the Republic of Belarus on Making Alterations and Addenda to Certain Laws of the Republic of Belarus on Social Protection of the Disabled People (the Law). The law made amendments and additions to previous …Read more

Mercadona SA (the “employer”) sought review of a decision from the appellate court that declared the dismissal of Mr. Fernando (the “employee”) null and void and required the employer to re-employ the employee and pay back-wages from the date of dismissal. The employee was hired as a manager at one the employer’s facilities in March …Read more

This case was a decision on the constitutionality of an executive decree ordering the declaration of a state of emergency intended to prohibit the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages throughout the country for 72 hours, due to cases of poisoning from alcoholic beverages adulterated with methanol. Articles 165 and 166 of the Constitution and …Read more

This case was an appeal of a constitutional protection (amparo) action before the Constitutional Court filed by the claimant, Carlos Alexander Molina Garrido, against the Ministry of National Defense. The claimant was dismissed from military service after a report that he was drunk in public, which he appealed before the Ministry. When his administrative appeal …Read more

Plaintiff carrying the HIV virus was wrongfully terminated from her employment at the Sociedade de Onibus Porto Alegrense and alleged discriminatory motives, because the employer was aware that the employee carried the HIV virus at the time of termination. The employer asserts that it first became aware of the employee’s condition four years prior to her …Read more

Petitioners Stanley Kingaipe and Charles Chookole sued the Zambian Air Force (ZAF) alleging violations of their constitutional rights to liberty, privacy, life, protection from inhuman and degrading treatment, and protection from discrimination. They also alleged violations of their rights to adequate medical and health facilities and adequate educational opportunities contained in the Directive Principles of …Read more

Aranzazu Meneses de Jiménez, a General Service Operator at the Maria Inmaculada Hospital, filed a petition against the Republic of Colombia alleging a violation of article 4 (right to life), article 5 (right to humane treatment), and article 25 (right to judicial protection) of the American Convention on Human Rights and Articles 1, 2, 6 …Read more

The Chamber of Crafts, the petitioner, challenged a provision from the Law on Public Health (the Law) regulating the conditions under which cosmeticians could exercise their craft. The law required cosmeticians to obtain a permit from the Ministry of Health, on top of existing requirements for certification as a craftsperson. The Chamber argued that these …Read more

In 1999, Mr. Wistrand, a Swedish man, obtained an alternative and promising form of rectal cancer treatment in France because this treatment was not yet available in Sweden.  Upon his return in 2000, his local Social Insurance Board denied his request for compensation for his medical costs because the treatment did not occur in Sweden.  …Read more

Six applicants brought forth a plea challenging the constitutionality of Article 50 of a 2008 law concerning diverse healthcare matters. The applicants sought to annul the modified “reference amounts” system introduced by Article 50. Three of the applicants, the Groupement des Unions professionelles belges de Médecins specialistes, the Association Belge des Syndicats Médicaux, and the …Read more

Doctor M. was a Russian health care provider with extensive training and experience. She had worked in outpatient service for 25 years. She enjoyed her work and was respected by patients and colleagues alike. She was convicted of talking bribes for issuing a disability medical certificate to D, when she knew D was healthy. She …Read more

This was an appeal from an order of the South Gauteng High Court. The Applicants were members of the Harry Gwala Informal Settlement (Settlement). They approached the High Court for an order against the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Municipality) to install communal water taps, temporary sanitation facilities, refuse removal facilitation and high-mast lighting in key areas, …Read more

Wong and Selim were “vocationally registered general practitioner(s)” within s 3F of the Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth) (the Act). Both were found to have engaged in “inappropriate practice” by a Professional Services Review Committee (the Committee) established under Pt VAA (ss 80-106ZR) of the Act. The effect of the Committee’s findings was to require …Read more

Mr. Schultz-Hoff, an employee of Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRB) with a recognized disability, became unfit to work in September 2004 and was on continuous sick leave until the termination of his employment on September 30, 2005. On May 13, 2005, during his sick leave, Mr. Schultz-Hoff requested that he take his remaining paid annual leave …Read more

This report addresses allegations that El Salvador failed to fulfill its obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights (the Convention), including protection of the right to health and the right life. Petitioner, Jorge Odir Miranda Cortez, filed a petition on behalf of himself and 26 other people living with HIV against the State of …Read more

This report addresses the admissibility of a petition that alleged Mexico failed to fulfill its obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights (the Convention), including protection of the right to equal protection of the law and the right to humane treatment. J.S.C.H. and M.G.S. were discharged from the Mexican Army because of their HIV …Read more

The Flemish Community brought a claim against the Belgian state, challenging Article 21 of the 1967 Royal Decree (Article 21) concerning healthcare professionals. In assessing the matter, the State Board referred two interlocutory questions to the Constitutional Court. The first question was whether Article 21 unconstitutionally infringed on the jurisdiction of the Flemish Community by …Read more

The Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) filed a complaint on behalf of Mr. Esmaila Connateh and 13 other Gambians deported from Angola during March through May of 2004. IHRDA’s complaint alleged that Angola arbitrarily arrested and detained the individuals, along with tens of thousands of foreigners who had legally lived and …Read more

The Constitutional Court considered the persistence of an unconstitutional state of affairs with regard to forced displacement, which disproportionately affected women in Colombia. The Court originally declared an unconstitutional state of affairs in Ruling T-025 of 2004 and again in Resolution 218 of 2006. More than half the displaced people in Colombia  (54 per cent) …Read more

The appointment of employees is by virtue of s 89(1) of the Constitution, to be carried out by the Public Service Commission. On 18 May 1999, the Commission delegated the power of appointment of Health Care Assistants (HCAs) to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry, V. On 24 September 2004 an advertisement was issued, inviting …Read more

A public sector strike took place in 2007. The State contended that not all employees of the State have a right to participate in such a public sector strike, in particular those engaged in essential services. The State subsequently obtained an order in which an interdict was granted to the effect that essential services employees …Read more

Argentina’s Human Rights Ombudsman brought a claim against the National Government and the Province of Chaco to force Respondents to take the necessary measures to improve the deleterious living conditions of an indigenous community in Chaco that amounted to circumstances of extreme emergency. The Ombudsman claimed that the community lacked fundamental and basic necessities as …Read more

The plaintiff worked as the Senior Administrative Officer of the Municipal Office of Ocuri. When she became pregnant, she informed the Mayor in order to receive a prenatal allowance. The mother received the subsidy for only one of the two months to which she was entitled and she did not received any salary during that …Read more