A motion for an interlocutory injunction was brought to prevent the City of Toronto from enforcing its By-law that prohibited camping and erecting tents, structures, and shelters in City parks, City of Toronto Municipal Code, c. 608. The applicants did not challenge the validity of the By-law but sought an order to have it suspended …Read more

The applicants appealed a decision affirming the constitutionality of Brian’s Law (Mental Health Legislative Reform), 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 9. (“Brian’s Law”), which was enacted by the Ontario legislature in 2000. Brian’s Law amended the Mental Health Act (“MHA”), adding provisions that expanded criteria for involuntary committal in a psychiatric hospital and introduced community treatment …Read more

The applicants’ claim was based on s. 27(1)(b) of the Constitution – the right to sufficient food and water, which they submitted found further expression in the provisions of the Water Services Act 108 of 1997 (“WSA”). Their complaint argued that farm occupiers and labour tenants, especially the applicants, lacked “access to sufficient water, basic …Read more

The applicant, Mr. Slavko Krajnc, was a professional truck driver in Celje, Slovenia. On September 29, 2003, Krajnc was deemed to have “category III work-related disability” as a result of his epilepsy, which rendered him unable to work as a truck driver. Accordingly, he had the right to be assigned to a different, more suitable …Read more

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a treaty by which its parties commit to preserving certain human and political rights. The First Optional Protocol of the Covenant allows for individuals to bring complaints, referred to as communications, against state parties to the Protocol that have allegedly violated articles of the ICCPR. …Read more

L.G, a New Zealand national, was employed as an English teacher in the Republic of Korea. She held an E-2 working visa for “native speaker conversation instructors.” Korea required all persons holding an E-2 working visa to undergo testing for HIV/AIDS and illegal drugs at a government hospital before they could register as alien residents …Read more

X and her daughter Y claimed a long history of physical and sexual assault at the hands of X’s husband, who was Y’s father. X was raped by him in 1987 and later married him, believing that Georgian social and cultural norms defining virginity as essential to female virtue compelled her to marry him or …Read more

Nikolai Valetov, a Russian national, was arrested and charged in June 2001 with murder by Kyrgyzstan authorities while living in Kyrgyzstan. In addition to maintaining that he was framed for this crime by the police, Valetov further claimed that he was tortured by the police so severely while in pre-trial detention that he was permanently …Read more

The claimants, who were serving life imprisonment sentences, claimed that the state of Australia had violated articles 7, 10, 15 and 24 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“Covenant”), particularly the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman, and/or degrading treatment. The claimants were jointly tried for the murder, abduction, and …Read more

A Brazilian national, S.C., worked as a teller at a state-run bank. S.C. was involved in three motorcycle accidents, in 2006, 2007, and 2009. She underwent surgery in 2008 after the second accident. She took medical leave in 2009. Under the bank’s internal policy, she was required to return from medical leave within three months …Read more

The authors, 37 Sri Lankan citizens held in Australian immigration detention facilities, alleged that the actions of the Australian government regarding their detention violated Articles 7, 9, 10, 17, 23, and 24 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the “Covenant”).   At the time of the submission, all of the authors were …Read more

The authors, nine persons held in Australian immigration detention facilities, alleged violations of various articles (named below) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the “Covenant”). The authors had different backgrounds. Two were Myanmarese citizens, six were Sri Lankan citizens, and one was a Kuwaiti citizen. They all entered Australian territorial waters on …Read more

On 9 August 1995, B, a Libyan citizen, was arrested by the Libyan Internal Security Agency and held in secret detention at Abu Slim prison. In September 2000, B’s relatives were informed that B was alive and allowed to visit him in prison. During those visits, B told his relatives he had been regularly tortured …Read more

On 28 October 1997, JC (a military officer) was arrested by Zambian police for an attempted coup d’état. He was severely tortured and charged with treason. While being tortured, he was forced to sign false confessions and to implicate other military officials. Because of the torture, he was hospitalized at various times. On 31 October …Read more

A mother brought a case on behalf of her daughter who was suffering affective disorder for having been a victim of an act of sexual violence in 2004, when she was seven years old. In 2006, the indictment against the perpetrator was issued. After two years, and in less than two months, the court approved …Read more

The petitioner had a chronic connective tissue disorder, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), due to which she could no longer leave her house nor could she be transported to the hospital because of the increased risk of injury. The only type of rehabilitation available to her was hydrotherapy via an indoor pool at her house. Accordingly, the …Read more

Four out of the five claimants in this case arrived in Libya between February 1998 and February 1999 to work as members of a Bulgarian medical team at Al-Fatah pediatrics hospital; the other claimant had arrived in Libya in 1991 and had been working at a different hospital. On 9 February 1999, the authors together …Read more

FACTS All the authors save one who had arrived in 1999, all arrived in Libya between February 1998 and 1999 to work as members of a Bulgarian medical team at al-Fatah paediatric hospital in Benghazi. The authors were arrested by Libyan police & charged with murder on suspicion of having infected 393 children with HIV …Read more

The Applicants/Authors were Bulgarian Medics who were working at Al-Fatah Paedriatic hospital in Benghazi. But for one of the Applicants, Kristyana Venelinova, who arrived in Libya in 1991 and was working at Hauari hospital, the rest arrived between 1998 and 1999 and were working at Al-Fatah hospital.  The medics were arrested on 9th February 1999, …Read more

The author of the communication, the mother of a woman who had died during childbirth, claimed that Brazilian authorities had not ensured access to quality medical treatment during her daughter’s delivery in violation of nondiscrimination provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). More specifically, the author of …Read more

A minor child, L.C., began to be sexually abused at the age of 11 years by a 34-year-old man. Two years later, L.C. became pregnant, and in response, attempted suicide by jumping from a building. L.C. survived her suicide attempt, and she was taken to a public hospital where she was diagnosed with a series …Read more

IA was a journalist and activist for the ‘For Freedom’ movement. On 10 October 2007 IA was hanging blue ribbons in Brest, Belarus in order to draw public attention to the ‘European March’ campaign. IA was arrested by a police officer and taken to the Interior Department of Lenin District of Brest City. IA was …Read more

On 24 October 2004, TM and his wife were in custody at the local police station on a public disturbance charge following an argument in the street. While in police custody, TM died, and there was a dispute of fact as to how his death occurred. The ambulance doctor who attended the scene testified that …Read more

The accused Jovica Stanišić was standing trial and sought provisional release during the summer recess to be with his family. However, he had an unpredictable health condition with a constant risk of deterioration.  He suffered from two periods of kidney stone difficulties, with one of the medications causing a severe allergic reaction and increasing symptoms …Read more

Bradley McCallum, a detainee at a maximum correctional facility in South Africa, claimed to be a victim of violations of articles 7 and 10 of the International on Civil and Political Rights (“Covenant”). In particular, McCallum alleged that he was physically abused, raped, and subject to other ill treatment by South African prison authorities during …Read more

The case is about the failure of the State, which was party to International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”) and its Optional Protocol, to ensure the individuals’ rights to a fair trial (Article 14), the right to life (Article6), the rights of detainees (Article 10), and freedom from torture and other ill-treatment (Article …Read more

The author, an elderly Canadian national in poor health, alleged that citizenship revocation proceedings against him violated his rights under articles 6, 7, 9, 14, and 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the “Covenant”). The author was a Polish national who came to Canada in 1946 under a government order where …Read more

The author of the communication was the wife of the alleged victim, a Cameroon citizen. The author alleged that a group of police officers broke into her house without a warrant, claiming to be looking for a gun,  and began beating her husband (as well as battering the author, who was in an advanced state …Read more

The 1st Applicant sought asylum in Sweden, having emigrated from Nigeria. The 2nd Applicant was born 3months after the 1st Applicant arrived in Sweden. The 1st Applicant applied for asylum citing that she was from Delta State, Nigeria where FGM was performed on women when they gave birth. She contended that neither her parents nor …Read more

The case concerned the welfare of an Accused who undertook a hunger strike while one of his appeals was pending. The Accused was self-represented and displayed significant disdain for the proceedings of the Tribunal. On July 4, 2006, the Tribunal made a decision as to the production and availability of documents to the Accused, stipulating …Read more

The applicant was an underage Aboriginal Australian who alleged violation of Articles 7 (freedom from torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment), 10 (guaranteed dignity of detained persons) and 24 (child’s right to freedom from discrimination) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) when he was placed under incarceration …Read more

A.S., a Hungarian-Roma woman in labor, was taken to a public hospital in shock and bleeding heavily. Because the fetus was dead, attending personnel informed her that a caesarean section was needed to remove the fetus. While on the operating table, she was asked to sign a statement of consent, including a hand-written note requesting …Read more

Brun claimed a violation of Article 2 (right to remedy), Article 6 (right to life) and Article 17 (right to privacy) of the International Covenant Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Brun argued that Article 17 should be interpreted to include the right to live in a healthy environment. He had been sentenced for demonstrating against …Read more

The author was a resident of the Netherlands who was employed in a part-time salaried position and was also simultaneously self-employed, working with her husband at his business. She was insured under the Sickness Benefits Act (“ZW”) in relation to her salaried position and under the Invalidity Insurance (Self-Employed Persons) Act (“WAZ”) in relation to …Read more