The Joint Stock Company ‘Transkop’, Bitola (the Company), challenged two bylaws establishing conditions on the funding of treatment abroad by the Health Insurance Fund. These bylaws were the Rulebook on the conditions and manner for referring the insurees to treatment abroad (the Rulebook) and the Resolution of the Minister of Health no.02-1439/1 delivered on February …Read more

Kalac (K), a judge advocate and director of legal affairs for the air force, was a practicing Muslim who was permitted to pray five times a day and to perform his other religious duties, such as keeping the fast of Ramadan and attending Friday prayers at the mosque. He was one of three officers and …Read more

Appellant, a federal public servant, filed a complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission (“the Commission”) on September 29, 1989 regarding the government’s refusal to provide dental care insurance coverage for her same-sex partner and her partner’s child. She claimed discrimination pursuant to the Canadian Human Rights Act (“the Act”) on the grounds of sex, …Read more

Michael Barry was an 81-year-old man who suffered from a number of disabilities and lived alone within the Gloucestershire County Council (the Council). Barry was originally assessed as requiring a number of home care services, but after budgetary cuts the Council informed Barry that they would no longer be able to perform cleaning and laundry …Read more

Three doctors challenged the Medical Services Commission of British Columbia’s (“the Commission’s”) variable fee-for-service rates, which were based on province of residence and physician seniority. In 1994, the Commission enacted interim measures under which new billers (medical practitioners who applied to the Commission after February 11, 1994) were issued restricted billing numbers. New billers were …Read more

A petition was filed challenging the constitutionality of Section 24 Paragraph 4 of Government Decree 103/1995 (VIII. 25.) on Certain Issues of Social Security Funding of Health Care and its Annex No. 6. It was argued that as a result of these provisions, equal in patient care as a constitutional right, was violated. Financing was …Read more

Kirloskar Brothers Ltd., the Appellant, had its registered office in Maharashtra with regional offices in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Employees State Insurance Corporation, the Respondent, required the Appellant to contribute their share for their workmen’s health insurance, as required by Section 3(9) of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 (the Act). Disputing the liability, …Read more

The Macedonian Trade Union Association and the Trade Union of Construction, Construction Material Industry and Design of the Republic of Macedonia challenged the constitutionality of Articles 11, 16 paragraph 3 and 203-a of the Law on amending and supplementing the Law on Health Care (“the Law”). Article 11 of the Law required insured workers to …Read more

Article 21 of the law dated December 21, 1994 (“article 21”) changed mandatory insurance payments so as to not grant fees (or, in certain cases, to grant lesser fees) to urologists or other non-radiologists specialists for diagnostic medical imagery services. However, fees remained payable to radiologists for those same services. The Belgian Professional Association of Urologists …Read more

The petitioners challenged Article 28 of the law dated March 30, 1994, which instituted a system intended to guarantee the claims of the National Institute for Health an Disability Insurance (“INAMI”) on clinical pathology laboratories. The provisions at issue “[allowed] the health treatment Service of INAMI to require insuring organizations to retain the amounts that …Read more