The dispute concerned the correct interpretation of healthcare statutes. In December of 1988, the Healthcare Institution in Z (the plaintiff) contracted with the Mazowiecki Regional Health Fund (the defendant) to provide healthcare benefits. (The defendant was an entity charged under the Act on Universal Health Insurance (the “Act”) to carry out certain obligations arising from the …Read more

Milap Singh, the Petitioner, underwent an emergency heart bypass surgery at Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre (EHIRC). He was a retired government employee and also a member of the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), a government medical care scheme. On submitting his medical bills, full reimbursement was denied to the Petitioner. The Union of …Read more

The Petitioner was a retired Under Secretary in the Central Government. He and his wife were entitled to full medical reimbursement under the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS). In July 2001 he admitted his wife for an emergency cancer surgery to Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, which is recognized under the CGHS. An office memorandum dated 1996 …Read more

The Petitioner, the mother of twins who gave birth after a Caesarian operation, conceived for the second time after six years. The Respondent was the Consultant Visiting Obstetrician and Gynecologist of the Kandy General Hospital. She received antenatal care at Hikkaduwa and later went to her sister’s house in Kundasale. However before visiting her sister …Read more

In the summer of 2000, the appellant suffered an injury while walking in the subway. She went to the public Hospital Severo Ochoa in Leganés where she was erroneously diagnosed with a sprained ankle. She was treated and had three additional examinations but continued to feel pain even after various treatments. She then went to …Read more

The Democratic Republic of Congo initiated proceedings before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, alleging that the respondent countries (Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda) committed various human rights violations. The Democratic Republic of Congo alleged that the respondent countries committed multiple massacres against people of the Democratic Republic of Congo including attacking Inga hydroelectric …Read more

This case concerns a referral from the Centrale Raad van Beroep (the Netherlands Court of Appeal) to the European Court of Justice from two conjoined cases for the correct interpretation and application of Articles 59 and 60 of the EC Treaty (which relate to the freedom of services throughout the EU). Both cases concern Dutch …Read more

The defendant was one of three officers in command of the Bosnian-Serb Army operating in the area of Sarajevo (“SRK”) during the 1992 siege of Sarajevo. He was the commander for the longest period, almost two years, from around 10 September 1992 to 10 August 1994. The Prosecution alleged that during his command he conducted a protracted campaign of …Read more

The Petitioner, Seenath Beevi, was the head nurse at a government hospital in Kerala. She worked 14 hours a day, six days a week because shift duties were not available at the hospital. The government had introduced a “3 shift system” in some hospitals with the aim of limiting working hours to 8 hours per …Read more